Driving with Parkinson’s Disease: How to Stay Safe and Independent

Parkinson’s disease (PD) presents a unique challenge when it comes to driving. While the ability to drive offers freedom, independence, and access to essential services, the progression of PD can gradually compromise the skills needed to do so safely.

If you or a loved one is navigating life with Parkinson’s and wondering about driving safety, assessment resources, or alternatives in Toronto, Ontario, this guide is designed to help you make informed, confident decisions.

The Link Between Head Trauma and Parkinson’s Disease: What We Know

A growing body of research suggests a potential connection between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and an increased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease. Even mild head injuries or concussions may elevate the risk significantly.

• A study in Neurology reported a 56% increased risk of PD following a mild TBI, and an 83% increase for moderate-to-severe injuries.

• Other research from UCLA has linked repetitive head trauma, especially among athletes and people who often get into fender benders, to the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons - a hallmark of PD.

However, not all findings agree. Some studies, like a large Danish case-control study, found no clear link, suggesting the need for standardized definitions and further investigation.

How Parkinson’s Disease Affects Driving Ability

Driving involves a combination of motor skills, cognitive processing, and visual acuity - all of which can be impacted by PD.

Motor Challenges:

• Tremors and bradykinesia (slowness of movement) can hinder smooth steering and braking.

• Rigidity and postural instability can affect overall vehicle control.

• Medication side effects like dyskinesia (involuntary movements) and unpredictable "on-off" motor fluctuations further complicate driving ability.

Cognitive Impairments:

• PD may affect attention, memory, and executive functions, making it harder to react quickly, navigate routes, or multitask.

• Visuospatial challenges can impact parking, lane changes, and hazard perception.

Visual Difficulties:

• Problems like double vision, reduced contrast sensitivity, and blurry vision (often medication-induced) can make night driving or foggy conditions dangerous.

Can You Drive with Parkinson’s? Guidelines for Safer Driving

A diagnosis of PD doesn’t mean you must stop driving immediately. Many people drive safely for years post-diagnosis, especially when symptoms are well-managed.

Tips for Safer Driving with Parkinson’s:

• Avoid high-stress driving situations (e.g., rush hour or poor weather).

• Use GPS navigation and plan familiar routes.

• Drive during optimal medication windows.

• Take a defensive driving course to boost awareness and confidence.

• Regularly consult with a healthcare provider or neurologist about your fitness to drive.

  
  

Toronto Resources: Where to Get Driving Assessments

Residents of Toronto, Ontario have access to several driving assessment centers specializing in neurological conditions:

• DriveABLE (Saint Elizabeth Health Care).

• Drive Lab Inc. (Vaughan).

• Neuro-Rehab Services Inc.

• Drive Again.

• Skill Builders Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation.

These facilities conduct clinical and on-road assessments, often using multidisciplinary teams of occupational therapists and driving instructors.

Adaptive Driving Equipment in Toronto

Technology can help people with Parkinson’s remain behind the wheel longer and more safely. Here are some examples of adaptive driving aids available locally:

• Hand controls for acceleration/braking.

• Steering wheel knobs for easier maneuverability.

• Left-foot accelerators,.

• Pedal extensions and swivel seats.

• Wheelchair lifts for accessible vehicles.

Toronto-based providers like Humberview Mobility, Silver Cross Auto, and Drive Again can assist with installation and customization. A prescription from a certified DRS is often required.

When It’s Time to Stop Driving: Alternatives in Toronto

Eventually, some individuals with PD may need to limit or cease driving. Fortunately, Toronto offers a wealth of alternative transportation options:

Public and Accessible Transit

• TTC Wheel-Trans: For those unable to use conventional transit.

• GO Transit: Regional transit with senior discounts.

• Toronto Ride and Scarborough Ride: Assisted transportation for seniors and adults with disabilities.

Specialized Services

• iRide Plus: Subsidized ride-sharing.

• Volunteer driver programs through local nonprofits and faith organizations.

• Private wheelchair-accessible taxi services like GTA Accessible Transportation.

Expert Recommendations: A Proactive and Personalized Approach

Leading organizations like the Parkinson’s Foundation, American Academy of Neurology, and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) all emphasize that driving with PD should be assessed on an individual basis.

• Physicians should consider motor symptoms and cognitive health.

• Regular re-evaluations are crucial as the disease progresses.

• Open conversations with family, care teams, and driving professionals are essential.

Balancing Safety and Independence

Driving with Parkinson’s is a deeply personal journey - one that evolves as the disease progresses. Whether you're exploring adaptive equipment, evaluating your driving abilities, or transitioning to alternative transportation, the goal is always the same: preserving independence while prioritizing safety.

Toronto offers one of the most robust support networks in Canada for individuals with Parkinson’s disease. With the right resources, ongoing assessments, and a proactive mindset, individuals with PD can continue to navigate their world confidently - on or off the road.